The Annexes F to I

Annex 'F' - Transcription of Byelaws, 1679
Annex 'G' - List of Pre-1900 silver and other Company valuables
Annex 'H' - Joint letter by The Sheriffs, 1802
Annex 'I' - Note of Admission to Freedom of Company
Bibliography

To all Christian People to whome this present writing shall come Wee Heneage Lord Finch Baron of Daventry Lord high Chancellor of England Sr William Scroggs Knight Lord Cheife Justice of the Pleas before our Sovereigne Lord the King to beholden and Sr Francis North Knight Lord Cheife Justice of the Comon Pleas send greeting in our Lord God everlasting

Where in a certaine Act of Parliament holden at Westminster the ffive and twentieth day of January in the Nyneteenth year of the Reigne of our late Soueigne Lord King Henry the Seaventh It was (amongst other things) Ordained established and enacted That no Masters Wardens or Fellowshipps of Crafts or Misteries or any of them or any Rulers of Guilds or ffraternities should take upon them to make any Acts or Ordinances nor to execute any Acts or Ordinances by them before the making of the said Acte made in disinheritance or diminution of the Kings Prerogative nor of any other nor against the Comon proffitt of the People Except the same Acts or Ordinances be examined and approved by the Chancellor and Treasurer of England and the Cheife Justices of either Bench or Three of them Or else before both the Justices of either Bench or Three of them Or else before both the Justices of the Assizes in their Circuit or Progress in that Sheire where the same Acts or Ordinances be made upon paine of fforfeiture of fforty Pounds for every tyme they should do the contrary As by the said Act of Parliamt it doth more plainly appear

And where also the Master Wardens and Cominaltie of the Mistery or Art of Upholders of the Citty of London Having divers Rules Ordinances and Orders and Oaths by them ordained devised and made for the Conservation rule good order and Government of the same their Mistery and Cominalty and intending to make and put in executon the same for the better Rule good order and Government of Such persons as use and exercise the same Mistrey And for the better fforesight and Reformation to be had and used amongst such as use and shall use the said Mistery not willing in any wayes to infringe in any thing the said Act of Parliament but mindfull in all things to have the same observed and kept And desiring also to have the foresaid Rules and other good Ordinances Constitutons Orders and Oaths to be from tyme to tyme executed amongst the foresaid Cominalty of the said Mistery and all others using and occupying the Art or Mistery of Upholders within the Citty of London and Liberties thereof and within Seaven Miles compass of the said Citty of London according to the tenor of the grant of our late Sovereigne Lord King Charles the First by his Maties Letters Pattents bearing date the ffowerteenth day of June in the second yeare of the Reigne of our said late Sovereigne Lord King Charles the First made and granted to the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie

And thereupon the said Master Wardens and Cominalty have exhibited and preferred unto us their Petition with a Book annext containing certain Rules Ordinances Constitutons Orders and Oaths which they humbly desire may be observed duly kept and dayly put in executon In like sort humbly and instantly beseeching us that Wee all and every the said Rules Ordinances Constitutons Orders and Oathes would oversee peruse and examine And them and every of them to correct reforme and Amend And also to allow ratify and approve after due manner and forme as by the Said Act of Parliament is required

Wee well perceiving the said Supplicaton to be good and acceptable Have by Authority of the Said Act of Parliament and at the desire and humble Petiton of the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie All and every the said Oathes Acts Rules Ordinances Constitutons and Orders in the said Booke specified perfectly seen read and understood the same And them and all and every of them have examined reformed and allowed after the tenor manner and forme as hereinafter ensueth

At an Assembly or Comon Hall of the Master Wardens and Cominaltie of the Mistery or Art of Upholder of the Citty of London holden for the said Company the One and twentith day of August in the One and thirtieth year of the Reigne of our Sovereigne Lord Charles the Second by the grace of God King of England Scotland ffrance and Ireland defender of the faith At their Comon Hall in the Parish of St Peters Cheap in London William Lillingstone then Master of the same Company John Bickley and William Gozing then Wardens of the same Company William Allen William Scott Richard Spencer Richard Benson William Cowles Richard Hussam Edward Throckmorton Ezekiell Wright Thomas Ward Samuell Harris Edward Alder Richard Wise Edmund Haslewood William Jackson junior Nicholas Clark and William Poyntz then Assistants of the said Company And the Cominalty of the said Company being then and there Assembled and present It is Ordered constituted and Ordained by the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie for the Conservation Rule good order and Government of the Same Company as followeth that is to say.

In primis it is Ordered That no person or persons whatosever either free of the said Company or using the said Art or Mystery shall binde unto him or them any Apprentice for a less terme than Seaven yeares And having one Apprentice so bound to him shall not take another Apprentice untill Two yeares of the first Apprentices terme be fully expired And shall not by any wayes or meanes whatsoever take a Third Apprentice untill the Indenture of the first Apprentice be within One yeare of expiration And that Two Partners shall be accompted in this respect but as one Person during the tyme of their copartnershipp And this Order to be observed by all persons using the said Art or Mystery either within London or the Liberties thereof or within Seaven Miles compass of the same And in case that any Apprentice or Apprentices bound to any person or persons in manner aforesaid do dye or shall happen any way to be discharged of his Masters service within the terme of his Apprenticeshipp That then it shall be lawfull for Master to take other Apprentice or Apprentices in the Roome or stead of him or them so deceased or discharged as aforesaid This Order to be truly observed as well concerning the number of Apprentices as the forme and manner of taking them Upon paine that every person doing contrary to this Order shall forfeit and pay to the Master Wardens and Coialty of the said Mystery or Art of the Upholders of the Citty of London to and for the use of the Same Company the Sume of Ten Pounds And to the end the said Order may be the more strictly kept the said Master and Wardens shall in their yearly search take notice and cause the names of all Apprentices taken by any of the Said Company to be entered into a Register therefore respectively kept and to be kept

2 Item that no person or persons whatsoever using or which shall use the Art or Mystery of an Upholder and hath or shall have any Apprentice oute bound and presented to the Master or Wardens of the said Company and by him or them allowed shall at any tyme hereafter assigne set or turne over any Such Apprentice to any person or persons whatsoever without first presenting him to the Master and Wardens of the said Art or Mystery for the tyme being To the end their consent may be thereunto required Upon pain to forfeit for every Act done to the contrary the sume of Ten Pounds to the Master Wardens and Cominalty aforesaid

3 Item that if any person or persons whatsoever at any tyme using the said Art or Mystery shall council procure receive or take away any Apprentice or servant bound to any other Man from his or their Service before the end of their terme be expired without the consent of his or their Master or except he or they be lawfully discharged and have lawfull warning to depart That then every one so doing shall forfeit and pay to the Master Wardens and Cominalty aforesaid for every such Offence the Some of Ten Pounds

4 Item that no person or persons whatosever which shall not have served Seaven yeares at the least as an Apprentice at the said Art Trade or Mystery of an Upholder (unless such as be widowes of ffreeman of the Citty of London for so long tyme only as they shall so continue widowes) shall use the said Art or Mystery of an Upholder or anything thereunto appertaining Nor shall within the Citty of London or the Liberties thereof teach or instruct any person or persons other than his or their Apprentice or Apprentices in the said Art or Mistery upon pain to forfeit to the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie for every month that he or they shall so use the same trade or teach any person or persons (other than his or their Apprentice or Apprentices) in the same trade the sume of fforty Shillings

5 Item That no ffreeman of the Citty of London using the said Art or Mystery do keep in his service to work in or about the said Art or Mystery any fforreigner either Alien or English Unles he be within Three Months after he shall be ffirst received into the said service prsented to the said Master and Wardens and be by them allowed Upon pain to forfeit to the Said Master Wardens and Cominalty for every tyme so doing the Sume of ffive Pounds or Such other lesser Sume as shall be at the discretion of the Said Master and Wardens and the greater part of the Assistants imposed (if they shall think fitt to impose any lesser Sume)

6 Item That no ffreeman of the Said Mystery or any other person using the Said Art or Mistery of an Upholder shall set up keep or maintaine any fforreigner or Alien not being or that hath not been retained and bound for Seaven yeares or more to the Same Art or Mistery to work buy or sell as his Apprentice or Jornyman in any open Shopp or Shopps wth in the said Citty or the Liberties thereof Or in any ffair Markett or elswhere within the Realme of England Upon pain to forefeit for every tyme So doing the Sume of Ten Pounds to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty

7 Item That every Stranger not being a ffreeman of the said Company of Upholders using or which shall use the said Art or Mistery within the Said Citty and Liberties or Seaven Miles Compass of the Same shall within Three Moneths after he or they take any Apprentice or Servant Present the Same Apprentice or Servant unto the Master and Wardens of the Said Mystery To the end he and they may admitt and allow such Apprentice or Servant to serve Such Stranger And Shall pay for every Such Admittance and Allowance to the Said Master Wardens and Cominalty ffower pence and to the Clerke of the said Company for the tyme being Two pence And that no Alien Stranger fforraigner or Denizen not being free of the Said Company using the said Art or Mistery of an Upholder within the Said Citty and Liberties or with Seaven Miles of the Same take any Apprentice or Apprentices or Servants not borne within his Ma.ties Allegiance (except he or they shall be first endenized or naturallized) to work in or about the Said Mistery or Art or any thing thereunto belonging Nor shall keepe above One Apprentice unless the terme of yeares and Apprenticeshipp of Such Apprentice as Shall be first bound Apprentice be within Three yeares of expiraton and then it shall be lawfull for him to take another Apprentice and not before And if any Alien Stranger fforreigner or Denizen not being free of this Company shall do any thing contrary to this Order or any thing therein contained That then he shall forfeit and pay to the Master Wardens and Cominalty for the use of the Company the sume of Ten Pounds of lawfull mony of England

8 Item that no person using or which shall use the Art or Mystery of an Upholder Mingle or cause to be mingled any fflocks and ffeathers together to put to Sale Or shall put to Sale or cause or Suffer to put to Sale any corrupt or Stinking ffeathers in any Bedd Bolster Pillow or Cushions or in any Cowches Squabbs Chaires or Stooles and that every person using the said Art or Mystery shall cause his or her ffeathers to be cleansed of dust and quills before the same be put to Sale upon pain to forfeit for every Offense contrary to this Order the Sume of ffive Pounds to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty

9 Item that no person or persons using the Art or Mystery aforesaid shall use or put or cause or Suffer to be used or put any ffendowne or Thistledowne into any wares whatsoever upon paine to forfeit the Sume of ffive Pounds to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty

10 Item That no person using the Art or Mystery of an Upholder shall put to sale or cause or suffer to be put to sale any Quilts Matresses Bedds Bolsters Pillowes Cushions or Sea Bedds filled or stuffed with wooll strick haire Neatshair Coney wooll Thistledowne Hatmakers stuff Cotten or any other corrupt or deceitfull stuff but only with downe ffeathers or fflocks clean and Wellwrought upon pain to forfeit for every such Offence the Sume of ffive Pounds to the Said Master Wardens and Cominalty

11 Item that no person using the Art or Mystery of an Upholder shall stuff or cause or suffer to be stuffed any stooles chaires cowches or Squabbs with any manner of other stuffing than ffeathers fflocks curled hair or Towe unless the same Stooles Chaires Cowches or Squabbs be made of Leather Nor shall use any Sheeps Leather in or about any Stooles chairs cowches or squabbs but for lining only Upon pain to forfeit to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty Twenty shillings for every Stool Chair Cowch or Squabb stuffed or made contrary to this Order

12 Item that no person or psons using the Said Art or Mystery of an Upholder shall put to Sale or cause or procure to be put to Sale any Coverings made of Raggs Packthread or shredds in any of their Shopps or in any ffair or Markett or otherwise Upon pain to forfeit for every such Offense Twenty Shillings to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty

13 Item that no person or persons using the said Art or Mystery shall Stuff or fill or cause to be Stuffed or filled any ffeathers into Scotch Ticks for any work to be put to Sale Nor Shall sett on any Silk Lace or ffringe with Thread Nor shall make up any Testern or vallence of Silk camlett Cloth Kersey Serge Say or of any other Stuff but Such as they shall lyne with Buckram Callico or Canvas (unless they shall be made of Lynnen and Woollen weaved together) Upon pain to forfeit to the Said Master Wardens and Cominalty for every Such Offence the Sume of Twenty Shillings

14 Item That all Chaires Stooles cowches and Squabbs whatsoever they be made of Shall be cross girt in the Bottome with new Sail cloth being made to be put to Sale by any person using the Trade of an Upholder And that no person or persons using the Said Art Trade or Mystery shall put to Sale make or work or cause or Suffer to be put to Sale made or wrought any false or deceiptfull wares or workmanshipp in or about any Wares Comodities or things belonging to the said Art or Mystery upon pain to forfeit to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty for very Such Offence the Sume of Twenty Shillings

15 Item That no person or persons whatsoever within the said Citty and Liberties or Seaven Miles Compass do at any time or times hereafter go about the Streets or any other places proffering any Wares belonging to the Said Art or Mystery of an Upholder or which are usually made or Sold by Upholders to sell from shopp to shopp house to house Or in any Inn or place other than in open Shopp ffair or Markett Or to any person or persons whatsoever Other than to Such as Shall use the Art or Mystery of an Upholder upon pain to forfeit for every tyme So offending the Sume of ffive Pounds

16 Item That no person or persons using the Art or Mystery of an Upholder within the Citty of London and the Liberties thereof or within Seaven Miles compass of the Same and not keeping an open Sale Shopp shall make or cause to be made any Wares belonging to the Trade of an Upholder to be put to Sale by him in any other place than his chambers or such other convenient place of aboad as he or they shall make knowne unto the Said Master and Wardens of the Mystery aforesaid whereby they may have a full view and Search of his or their Wares Craft through Want thereof the Trade be abused and the Kings leidg People much deceived And that every person doing contrary to this Order Shall forfeit and pay fforty Shillings to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty as a ffine for Such his and their Offence

17 Item It is Ordered That every person being free of the said Company or using the Art or Mystery of an Upholder within the Citty of London and Liberties thereof or within Seaven miles compass of the same shall by the Beadle or other Officer be warned to appeare once every Quarter of a year before the said Master Wardens and Assistants of the said Mystery or Art of Upholders or the greater number of them at their Comon Hall or other place of meeting there to hear read such good fitting and wholsome orders as are made for the bettering of the said Trade and suppressing divers enormities and abuses therein And that if any Such person being Sumoned as aforesaid or notice thereof left at his or their dwelling houses or other places of aboad do make default and be absent from any the Quarterly meetings aforesaid and cannot or will not show or otherwise proove to the Master and Wardens the tyme being some lawfull impediment or lett which was the cause of his absence Or if any person or persons using the said Art and being warned before the said Master and Wardens either against a Monthly Court or upon any other occasion and do not at the place and tyme appoynted appear and there to remain and abide untill he be by the said Master and Wardens or some of them discharged not having such lawfull excuse as aforesaid That then every person or persons shall forfeit and pay to the said Master Wardens Coialty for every such Offence Twelve pence

18 item if any person or persons free of the said Art or Mystery of Upholders or using the same Art or Mystery within the said Citty and Liberties or Seaven Miles compass of the same not being free of any other Company of the said Citty being specially required thereunto shall obstinately and wilfully refuse to appear or meet at any place appointed by the Master or Wardens for the tyme being Or to pay or bear any Sume or sumes of mony or other charges whatsoever lawfully imposed for or to the Kings Matie the Lord Maior Citty or for the Comonwealth or Worshipp of the said Company Or to do or perform any publique service meet or decent to be performed or done within the same Company or by any Members of the same That then every such person or persons (not being free of any other Company of the said Citty) so refusing to do or performe all or any of those things (having no reasonable excuse to the contrary) shall forfeit to the said Master Wardens or Cominaltie for every such refusall such reasonable Sume and Sumes of mony as the Master Wardens and Assistants of the said Art or Mystery for the tyme being or the greater part of them having respect to the Nature and quallity of the Offence shall from tyme to tyme reasonably Asses so it exceed not the Sume of fforty shillings

19 Item that every ffreemen of the said Art or Mystery that shall intend to take any person Apprentice shall cause the same person to be presented at the Hall of the said Company or some other convenient place before the Master and Wardens of the same And within One Moneth after the same presentment shall cause such Person to be bound as Apprentice by Indenture to be drawn by the Clerke of the said Company for the tyme being Upon pain to pay to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty for every default the sum of ffive Pounds

20 Item that no person whatsoever being once made free of the said Art or Mystery shall without Lycense of the said Master Wardens and Assistants of the said Company for the tyme being or the greater part of them change and leave this Company and become free of any other fellowshipp or Company upon pain to forfeit to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty Ten Pounds (except he change his Coppy by reason of Election into any head or Chiefe Office in London

21 Item That if any person of the Livery of the said Company having warning to come to the buriall of any ffreeman of the said Company shall not be and appeare in decent Apparrell at the place where the Master or the Wardens shall appoint to meet to go to such buriall (having no lawfull excuse to the contrary or appearing shall depart without Lycense of the Master or one of the Wardens) untill they have accompained the Corps to the Church That then he or they so not appearing or departing without Lycense shall forfeit to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty for every such Offence Twelve pence

22 Item it is Ordered That the said Master Wardens and Assistants of the said Company or the greater part of them for the tyme being shall Elect and choose from tyme to tyme such and so many fitt persons out of the Yeomanrie of the said Company as they shall think convenient to be of the Livery or Clothing of the said Company And that every person so by them elected and chosen of the Livery or clothing as aforesaid (having no reasonable excuse to the contrary) shall finde and provide himselfe with a Decent Livery Gowne and Hood And shall also pay to the upper Warden of the said Company for the use of the said Company ffower Pounds and Ten shilings and to the Clerke of the said Company Six shillings and Eight pence and to the Beadle of the same Company Three shillings and ffower pence And if any person that so shall be chosen of the Livery or clothing as aforesaid (not having any reasonable excuse to the contrary) shall refuse to accept of the same and pay the respective sumes so appoynted for him to pay as abovesaid That then every such person so refusing to pay the same shall forfeit and pay to the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie for the use of the said Company the Sume of fifteen Pounds

23 Item it is ordered that the Master Wardens and Assistants of the said Company or the greater part of them shall yearly and every year nominate and choose Three Such sufficient and able persons of the Livery of the said Company as they shall think fitt to be Stewards of the same Company for the year then next ensuing Which persons so nominated and chosen Stewards as aforesaid shall at their owne proper Costs and charges finde and provide a Competent Dynner for all the Assistants and Livery of the said Company Which Dynner shall be kept in the Comon Hall of the said Company or some other convenient place upon the day yt the Lord Maior yearly goeth to Westminster to take this Oath And if any of them so chosen Stewards as aforesaid shall refuse to accept of the same place and bear his proporton of the charge of the said Dynner (not having any reasonable excuse to the contrary) Then the person so refusing shall forfeit and pay to the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie to the use of the said Company the Sume of Thirteen Pounds six shillings and Eight pence

24 Item If any ffreemen of the said Company shall hereafter according to the Charter and Ordinances of the said Company be duly chosen into the Office or place of Master of the said Company and shall refuse to accept thereof accordingly and hold the same place (not having reasonable excuse to the contrary) he shall forfeit and pay to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty to the use of the said Company the Sume of Twenty Six Pounds Thirteen Shillings and ffower pence and if any person free of the said Company shall be elected to the place of one of the Wardens of the said Company and shall not accept thereof and hold the same place Then he so refusing (not having reasonable excuse to the contrary) shall forfeit and pay to the Master Wardens and Cominalty aforesaid to the use of the said Company the sume of Twenty Pounds And if any person free of the said Companie shall be chosen to be an Assistant or any other Office or place within or belonging to the said Company shall refuse to take upon him the place of an Assistant or such other Office (without just cause to the contrary) shall forfeit and pay to the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie to the use of the said Company such Sume and Sumes of mony as the said Master Wardens and Assistants or the greater number of them shall think fitt not exceeding the sume of Twenty Pounds

25 Item It is ordered that the new Master and Wardens of the said Company shall yearly after their election into their said places provide a competent Dinner for the Assistants and Livery of the same Company Which Dinner shall be yearly kept in the Comon Hall or some other convenient place upon the day that the upper Warden of the said Company for the year last past gives up his account comonly called the Auditt Day and that the charges of the said Dinner to be borne and paid in this maner vizt the whole in Six parts being divided Three Sixth parts thereof by the Master Two Sixth pts thereof by the upper Warden and the other Sixth part thereof by the Under Warden And if the Master shall refuse to bear and pay his part and share of the said Dinner according to the porton aforesaid then he shall forfeit and pay to y said Master Wardens and Cominalty (insertion - to y use of y said Compa) the Sume of Twenty Pounds and if the upper Warden shall refuse to bear and pay his part and share of the said Dinner according to the porporton aforesaid Then he shall forfeit and pay to the Master Wardens and Cominalty aforesid to the use of the said Company the sume of Thirteen Pounds Six shillings and Eight pence and if the under Warden shall refuse to bear and pay his part and share of the said Dinner according to the proporton aforesaid Then he shall forfeit and pay to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty to the use of the said Company the Sume of Six Pounds Thirteen Shillings and ffower pence

26 Item That the old Master and Wardens shall within Thirty dayes next after the new Master and Wardens Shall be Sworne for the due executon of their places Or at Such other tyme as the new Master and Wardens shall appoint exhibite and make to the new Master and Wardens in the presence of the Assistants or the greater part of them a true and perfect Accompt of all Such monyes Rents and other things belonging to the said Company as shall come to their hands and what shall appear to be due and belonging to the said Company they shall deliver to the said New Master and Wardens or whom they shall appoynt together with the Keyes of the Chest belonging to the said Company and if any Master or Wardens refuse so to accompt That then he so refusing shall forfeit and pay unto the said Master Wardens and Cominalty such Sume and sumes of mony for every denyall or refusall as at a Court of Assistants to be holden for the said Company shall be adjudged and thought fitt

27 Item it is ordred That every Person free of this Company that herefter shall be elected and chosen upper Warden of the said Company shall before he receive or take into his hands custody or possession any of the mony Plate Rents or other things belonging to the said Company enter into Bond with Two able and sufficient Sureties in the penalty of ffive hundred Pounds Which Bond shall be Conditoned to this effect That is to say That the said Warden shall from tyme to tyme use

imploy and dispose of all and every and any such Sume and somes of mony Rents plate and other things which he shall receive or be posssessed of or shall any wise come into his hands and custody belonging to the said Company in the tyme of his being upper Warden as shall be ordred directed and appoynted from tyme to tyme by and at a Court of Assistants and not otherwise And after the expiraton of his said Wardenshipp he shall make and give unto the Assistants of the said Company at their next Court of Assistants a perfect full plain and true Account in writing And after such Account so made and given what remainder shall be found in his hands or custody belonging to the said Company he shall without diminiton or delay deliver up the same at such time and place and to such person or persons to the use of the said Company as by the said Court of Assistants shall be appoynted And after such Account and deivery made and approved of by the said Court of Assistants or such persons as they shall direct and appoynt to Auditt the Same Amount the said Bond to be delivered up to be cancelled And if any person that shall be chosen Upper Warden shall refuse to enter into such Bond as aforesaid Then he shall forfeit and pay to the Master Wardens and Coialty aforesaid to the use of the said Company the Sume of ffive and twentie Pounds

28 Item it is ordred that every Brother of this ffraternity or Company of Upholders of the Citty of London from henceforth being duely sumoned by the Clerke or Beadle to be present with the Master and Wardens in his whole Livery or otherwise at any place or hower assigned reasonable Be it for any noble Triumph for the Kings Ma.tie his Royall issue or any other great estates concerning the Honour of the King and of his Realme of England Or for any Quarter day assembly or any other reasonable cause and cometh not (except he hath been Lord Maior Alderman or Sherriff of the Citty of London or shall have a reasonable and lawfull excuse to hinder him from being so present) shall forfeit and pay to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty for his first offence contrary to this Ordinance Eight pence at the Second tyme Sixteen pence and at the Third tyme Six Shillings and eight pence.

29 Item It is ordained that every Assistant and Councellor of the said Company being duely sumoned to appear at the Comon Hall of the same Company or elsewhere for any matter or cause concerning the Worshipp and Comon Proffitt of the whole Body and showeth not himself before the Master and Wardens or one of them at the place and hower assigned (except he hath been Lord Maior Alderman or Sherriff of the Citty of London or hath a reasonable and just excuse which hinders him from the same) shall forfeit and pay to the said Master and Wardens and Cominalty to the use of the said Company for every time being absent Three Shillings and ffower pence without remission or pardon And if the Master then being absent at the said place or Hower (without it be by a lawfull impediment) he shall pay to the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie ffive Shillings And every Warden that shall be absent without a reasonable excuse shall forfeit and pay to the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie ffower Shillings.

30 Item It is ordred That what person of the said Mistery from henceforth presumptiously obstinately rudely and without Reverence speaketh unseemly words rebutteth or revileth another or otherwise misbehaveth himselfe against any Person of the said Mistery or of any other Mistery complaining or answering in any cause or matter proposed before the Master and Wardens or any of them whether it be in their Comon Hall or without in any other place in open Audience within the presincts of the Citty of London shall pay for every such Misdemeanor to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty to the use of the said Company Twenty shillings if he be able to bear the Same Penalty But if the Offence be great and notorious Then the ffine to be Assessed and Ordred by the Master and Wardens with the Advise of the Assistants or the greater part of them in such manner and forme and to such sume as by their discretions shall be thought fitt according to reason and agreeable to the estate of the party offending in like maner to be paid to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty So alwayes that the same exceed not ffive Pounds.

31 Item it is ordained and enacted That no person of the said ffraternity from henceforth shall discover or disclose any of the lawfull secretts concerning the feats of Merchandizing in their owne occupaton or any secrett Councill of the said ffraternity which ought of reason or conscience to be secretly kept without any utterance thereof to any other person of another Mistery and out of the same ffraternity to the hurt and prejudice of this Mistery upon the Penalty and fforfeiture of ffive Pounds to be paid to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty without any remission thereof as often and when as such case shall happen.

32 Item whereas divers persons heretofor have denyed to be contributors and to bear their parts of certain charges concerning the Worshipp benefitt and credditt of the said ffraternity It is now ordained That every Man of the same Company from this tyme forthwards after his Degree and Power shall be Contributor and bear charge of and in all manner of Sessings Prests costs contributons impositons and all other charges apertaining to the Worshipp benefitt and creddit of the said Mistery upon pain of fforty shillings or more or less as shall be thought good & reasonable by the Master Wardens and Assistants of the said Company or the Major part of them for the tyme being according to the proporton of the charge of such Assessments Impositons Contributons Taxes charges or Impresses charged upon the said Company to the which he or they shall be required to contribute And that all and every person or persons as well Strangers Denizens fforreigners as others whatsoever free of the same Art or Mistery or using the same Art or Mistery in any thing or things apertaining or belonging unto the same within the said Citty and Liberties or Seaven Miles Compass of the same shall obey observe or keep all the Orders Rules and Ordinances made and written in this present Booke And if any person or persons shall offend or transgress any of the same Orders Rules and Ordinances or refuse to pay such Sume and Sumes of mony aforesaid as by the Master and Wardens for the tyme being shall be Assessed or imposed upon him or them for the same offence and transgression as aforesaid That then it shall and may be lawfull to and for the said Master and Wardens for the tyme being at their pleasure in right of the said Master Wardens and Cominalty to enter into the howse Shopp or Booth of him or them so offending and to distrayn for all and every the Paines Penalties fforfeitures and Sumes of mony by him or them forffeited and to take and carry away the Wares and goods of such persons so offending and to keep and detain the Same untill the same Paines Penalties fforfeitures and Sumes of mony shall be fully paid and satisfyed or otherwise that such distresses be reprieved by due Course of Law.

33 Item It is further ordred That it shall and may be lawfull to and for the Master and Wardens of the same Company for the tyme being or two of them As also to and for such other person or persons whom they shall bring with them or in that behalfe in any wise authorize and appoynt and will answer for at all convenient time and tymes hereafter to enter and come into the Shopps Cellers Warehouses Boothes or other Roome or Roomes whatsoever of any person or persons whatsoever using or exercising or which shall use or exercise the Art or Mistery of an Upholder within the Citty of London and Liberties thereof or within Seaven Miles compass of the same to search survey and view as well all such materialls to be had and used in and about the making and working of any wares and Merchandizes or other work belonging to the same Art as all such Wares and Merchandizes as are or shall be ready wrought and apertaining to the said trade of an Upholder.

34 Item it is further Ordred by the Master Wardens and Cominalty of the said Mistery or Art of Upholders That all and every person or persons being or that shall hereafter be one of the said incorporated Bodie and Cominaltie either using or not using the said Art or Mistery and also all and every other person or persons whatsoever using the said Art or Mistery and dwelling within the said Citty of London and the liberties thereof or within Seaven Miles compass of the same that do or at any time hereafter shall keep house or ffamily shall pay yearly in the name of Quarterage to the said Master Wardens and Cominalty two shillings of lawfull mony of England At the ffower most usuall ffeasts or terms in the yeare that is to say At the ffeasts of the birth of our Lord God Th'annunciaton of the blessed Virgin Mary the Nativitie of St John Baptist and St Michaell Th'archangell by even equall portons And every Journeyman at any time hereafter working at or in the said Art or Mistery within the said Citty and Liberties thereof or within Seaven Miles Compass of the same shall pay yearly Twelve pence at the same usuall ffeasts or termes also by even portons.

35 Item is is also Orderd That every ffreeman of the said Company shall pay at the presentment of every his Apprentice to the said Master Wardens & Coialty to the use of the said Company Two Shillings to the Clerk of the said Company Six pence and to the Beadle of the same Company Six pence And also that every ffreeman of this Company shall pay for the binding of every such Apprentice to the Clerk of the said Company Two Shillings and Six pence

36 Item It is ordred That every person that shall be made free of the said Company by Service shall pay at the tyme of his making free to the Master Wardens and Cominalty of the said Company Three shillings and ffower pence To the Clerk of the Said Company ffower shillings and to the Beadle of the Same Company Twelve pence.

37 Item that every person that shall be made free of the said Company by Redemption or Patrimony shall pay to the Master Wardens and Cominalty of the said Company to the use of the said Company One Silver Spoon that shall weigh Two ounces and Three Shillings and ffower pence in mony To the Clerk of the said Company ffower shillings and to the Beadle of the same Twelve pence

38 Item That every Apprentice that shall be transferred or turned over by the Master and Wardens of the said Company shall pay to the said Master Wardens & Coialty to the use of the said Company Twelve pence to the Clerk of the same Company Twelve pence and to the Beadle ffower pence.

39 Item it is further Ordred That every person now free or hereafter to be free of this Company and shall hereafter set up Shopp to use the Trade of an Upholder or being to exercise the same as a Master shall before such his setting up or such beginning to exercise the same Trade crave to be admitted thereunto by the Master Wardens and Assistants of the same Company for the time being And shall pay upon such his Admission to the Master Wardens and Cominalty aforesaid Three shillings and ffower pence to the use of the said Company to the Clerk of the said Company Twelve pence and to the Beadle Six pence.

40 Item it is Orderd that all and every ffines and Penalties whatsoever which shall at any time or times hereafter arise and accrew to this Company of Upholders of the Citty of London by reason or meanes of any bad and deceiptful Wares Or for any ffines for any Offences or other matters or things mentioned in the Orders afore herein expressed shall be from time to time had and received by the upper Warden of the said Company for the use of the said Company and shall be recovered by the said Master Wardens and Cominalty by Action of debt or otherwise As by Councill learned in the Law shall be advised and thought fitt

And lastly it is Ordred That every Master Warden and Assistant of this Company And likewise every Clerk and Beadle of the same Company shall before they enter upon and exercise their respective Offices severally take the Oath of Allegiance folowing vizt I A B Doe utterly testifie and declare in my Conscience That the Kings Highness is only Supream Governour of this Realme and all other his Highness Dominions and Countryes as well in all spiritual or Ecclesiasticall things or Causes as Temporall And that no Forreigne Prince Parson Prelate Sate or Potentate hath or ought to have any Jurisdiction Power Superiority Preheminency or Authority Ecclesiasticall or Spirituall within this Realme And therefore I do utterly Renounce & forsake all Forraigne Jurisdiccons Power Superiorities and Authorities And do promise that from henceforth I will bear faith and true Allegiance to the Kings Majestie his Heires and Successors and to my Power will Assist and defend all Jurisdiccons Privileges Preheminencyes and Authorityes granted and belonging to the Kings Highness his Heires and lawfull Successors and united and annexed to the Imperiall Crown of this Realme So help me God and by the Contents of this Booke

And that the Oath following shall be respectively taken by the Master and Wardens upon their respective entries into their said Offices severally vizt. You shall be true to our Sovereigne Lord the King and to his Heires and Lawfull Successors You shall indeavour yourselfe the best you can whilst you continue in the Office whereunto you are now chosen justly and indifferently to execute and cause to be executed your Office in every respect and to put in due execucon all the good and lawfull Ordinances and Lawes in this Booke of Ordinances expressed and contained without Assessing or punishing any Person for Envy Hatred or Mallice Or spareing any Person for Reward Dread Favour or Affection And of all and every such Goods Plate Jewells Rents Sumes of mony or any other thing or things that by reason of your said Office shall come to your Hands charge or Custody you shall according to the Ordinances made touching the same yeild and make a good true and plain Account within Thirty dayes or other convenient tyme being thereunto required by the Master and Wardens of this Mistery for the tyme being Or els you shall pay your Fines according to the same Ordinances So help you God

And that every of the Said Assistants upon his being made an Assistant of the same Company shall take this Oath following vizt. You shall swear That you shall be true to our Sovereigne Lord the King his Heires and lawfull Successors You shall Assist the Master and Wardens of this Mistery of Upholders for the tyme being in their Oversight Rule and Government of the said Mistery so long as you shall continue one of these Assistants with your best and soundest Advise and shall indeavour yourselfe to the uttermost of your skill and knowledge justly and indifferently to execute your Office in every respect and to put in due execucon all the good and lawfull Ordinances in the Booke of Ordinances exprest and contained without punishing or Assessing any Person for Envy Hatred or Mallice or sparing any Person for love fear dread favour or Affection Or for hope or promise of Reward So help you God

And that every Clerk of the said Company upon his Admission into that Office shall take this Oath following vizt. You shall be true to our Sovereigne Lord Kings Matie. his Heires and lawfull Successors and to the Master Wardens and Cominalty of the Mistery of Upholders of the Citty of London And all the Comandements of the Master and Wardens of the same Mistery (being lawfull and honest and towching and concerning the Affairs and business of the said Master Wardens and Comonaltie) to your Power you shall do and execute And their councells lawfull to be kept you shall keep secrett True Entries of all things belonging to your Office you shall make without any Partiallity Favour or Affection Lucre or gain Envie Hatred or Mallice whatsoever You shall not Wittingly or willingly do or Comitt anything that may be hurtfull or prejudiciall to the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie But shall Honestly truly and justly execute your Office of Clerkshipp in all things apertaining to the same as the Clerk of the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie ought to doe so long as you shall continue and be in the same Office according to your best skill and abillity so help you God

And that every Beadle of the said Company upon his Admission into that place shall likewise take this Oath following vizt. You shall be true to your Sovereigne Lord the Kings Matie. his Heires and lawfull Successors and you shall be obedient to the Master Wardens and Cominalty of this Mistery of Upholders in all Honest and just Causes And their Comandements lawfull and Honest touching the Affaires and business of the said Master Wardens and Cominalty to the uttermost of your Power willingly you shall do The Councills of the said Master Wardens and Cominaltie lawfull and Honest you shall keep secrett And generally you shall justly and truly do and execute all and every thing and things appertaining to your said Office as the Beadle of the said Master Wardens and Cominalty ought to do to the uttermost of your skill Power and ability so long as you shall continue in the same Office without all Partiality whatsoever So help you God

And that every Person that shall be Admitted in the ffreedome of this Company shall upon his Admission into the same take this Oath following vizt. You shall swear That you shall be true to our Sovereigne Lord the King that now is and to his Heires and Successors their peace you shall keep to your Power and shall not make any Congregacon or Consent to any Misdoers against the said Peace but that you shall give notice thereof to some of their Officers for the tyme being To the Master and Wardens of the Mistery of Upholders of the Citty of London and their Successors you shall be Obedient their Councills lawfull and Honest you shall keep secrett and all the Lawes Ordinances and Statutes made by the Master Wardens and Assistants of the said Company touching yourselfe you shall observe fulfill and keep or els pay such penalties as you shal be assessed and adjudged to pay according to the same Ordinances So help you God

All which Acts Ordinances constitutons and Oathes in manner and forme aforesaid At the desire of the said Master Wardens Cominalty by the Authority and virtue of the foresaid Act of Parliament made in the said Nyneteenth year of the Reigne of King Henry the Seaventh Wee the said Heneage Lord Finch Baron of Daventry Lord High Chancellor of England Sr William Scroggs Knight Lord Cheif Justice of the Pleas before our Sovereigne Lord the King to beholden and Sr Francis North Knight Lord Cheif Justice of the Comon Pleas Have seen perused and examined and fully considered And for good laudible and lawfull Ordinances Constitutons and Oathes Wee do attept allow and Admitt And by these presents as much as in us is or resteth Wee Rattifie confirm allow and approve In Witness whereof to these presents Wee have sett our hands and Seales the Eighteenth day of December Anno Dm 1679. and in the One and thirtieth year of the Reigne of our Sovereigne Lord Charles the Second by the grace of God King of England Scotland ffrance and Ireland defender of the faith

Vase shape with 2 handles, engraved floral festoons and bead edge, the cover similarly decorated.

20¼" high. Weight : 90 ozs. Maker : James Young, London 1783. The gift of Sydney Arthur Newton, Master 1939 to 1947.

Very rare salt of triangular shape with triangular steeple top tents or pavilions at each corner with openings to the centre, standing on ball feet. Inscribed : "Donum Phillippi Gibbar Societati."

Engraved on panels : "Presented by Sir William Rawlins to the Company of Upholders as a small token of respect on the 2nd August 1832, while serving the Office of Master for the fourth time."

Exhibited : Seaford House, No. 382, 1929. Goldsmiths Hall, Festival Exhibition, 1951. No. 181. Plate LVII. With wood stand and glass cover.

The lower part of body fluted, the foot similarly designed with fruit knob, the two handles reeded with leaf decoration. 16¼" high. Weight : 112 ozs. Made by Samuel Hennell, London 1811.

Engraved as follows : "Exchanged in 1824 for several small pieces of Plate formerly presented to the Upholders Company - viz., four salts by Mark Anthony Figou in 1703, and six other salts (17 ozs. 10 dwts.) one quart mug (23 ozs. 5 dwts.) by John Tatnal in 1736. Two spoons (7 ozs. 15 dwts.) by William Storer, and one salt (8 ozs. 5 dwts.) by Philip Gibbar; together (56 ozs. 15 dwts.)"

Plain silver 2 handle with rib round body of each. Maker's mark : E.V. in oval shield. London 1686. The covers made in 1904. Height of each : 8¼" Weight : 70 ozs. Engraved with the arms of the Company. The gift of Thomas Nicoll, Master 1705.

Rectangular with brass plaque inscribed : "The oak of this case was 656 years under Old London Bridge."

Oval, with silver top engraved with the Company's arms, the silver rim engraved : "The gift of George Friend Esq., one of the Court of Assistance of this Company. Anno 1779."

Made in ivory with fluted handle, oval flat top, each side fitted with silver shield, one engraved arms of City of London bordered by the following :- "May the Fraternity of Upholders continue for ever." The other with the Company's arms and inscribed :- "A small token of respect from John Boulton, elected Master, August 1795."

Made in gold and silver gilt. The centre enamelled with the Company's arms in white on a black ground, surmounted by the arms of the City of London in enamel. The base with scroll enamelled in blue A.D. 1465, with the enamel coat of arms of the donor. Presented to the Worshipful Company of Upholders by Edward Hunter, Master 1877.

Deeply as it would grieve us to appear wanting in that respect and affection so justly due to your royal highness's person & your illustrious family, a respect and affection we most fervently feel in common with every good subject; we consider it a duty we our ourselves as Sheriffs of London and Middlesex to account to your royal highness for not appearing in our places, on your royal highness's condescending to honour the city with your august presence at the festivities of Easter Monday -

Whom our fellow citizens called us to the high office, we have now the honour to serve, we thought it our first duty and our greatest pride, to maintain its Consequence with Splendor while we held it; and to return it into their hands again, its dignity unsullied & its rights unbroken -

It cannot be necessary to obtrude on your royal highness's attention the minute Circumstances wherein we imagined that the Lord Mayor intended to sully that dignity and to abridge those rights - but only to observe, that we conceived him to have abated of that proper respect due to the established church of England and Ireland, in the person of our chaplains, who, in their official Capacity represented it; - and - in our own persons to have neglected those honors, which Custom had authorised us to expect; which our high office entitled us to demand; and which as representing our Sovereign it was his duty to pay us -

We, royal Sir, with the whole civilized World, have seen and deployed the fatal effects of those principles, which, in another nation, in destroying respect, ceremony and veneration for place, office and rank had nearly destroyed with them all that was great and good - and threatened to deprive society of its noblest blessings.

Under this impression your royal highness will not be surprised, that, we resented what we considered indignity to our Nation; that we refused to be mere puppets in what he presumed to be his private pageant; that, we consented to sacrifice the unbounded pleasure, we ought to have enjoyed, in humbly receiving and dutifully waiting on your royal person, to the feelings of public propriety -

We hope therefore that your royal highness will not only exercise your usual goodness to pardon our seeming neglect, but will extend it to an approbation of our conduct; that, in having accepted our high office from the hands of our fellow citizens and holding it under the influence of our gracious Sovereign we are jealous of its honors and defenders of its rights - We beg leave to subscribe ourselves with the greatest deference & veneration your royal highness's

PERIOD	SERVITUDE	PATRIMONY	REDEMPTION	1750 ACT	UNKNOWN/ NOT SPECIFIED	TOTAL
1698/1712	32	---	2	N/A	136	170
1713/1727	157	14	8	N/A	11	190
1728/1742	133	20	2	N/A	3	158
1743/1757	69	18	6	16	1	110
1758/1772	91	8	11	71	4	185
1773/1787	106	13	20	27	12	178
1788/1803	63	13	21	2	5	104
TOTAL	651	86	70	116	172	1095

Archives, Archives of the Worshipful Company of Upholders deposited with the Guildhall Library

Upholsterers and Interior Furnishing in England 1530-1840, Geoffrey Beard, Yale University Press, 1997

The Aldermen of the City of London, Rev. A.B. Beaven, Corporation of the City of London, 1913

The Soul of the City - London's Livery Companies, Col. Robert J. Blackham, Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd., 1931

Correspondence (i) 14.7.92, Personal correspondence A. Barnes, City Remembrancer to author

Correspondence (ii) 14.7.92, Personal correspondence Skinners' Company to author

Correspondence (iii) 25.3.98, Personal correspondence Drapers' Company to author

Correspondence 15.7.92, Personal correspondence City Archivist to author

The Story of the City Companies, P.H. Ditchfield, G.T. Foulis & Co. Ltd., 1926, Sparkford, Nr. Yeovil, Somerset, BA22 7JJ (Haynes Publishing)

The City of London and Its Livery Companies, I.G. Doolittle, Gavin Press, 1982

Eagle Star: a Guide to its History and Archives, Isabel Syed, Eagle Star Holdings plc, 1997

A View of London and Westminster: or, the Town Spy, & etc. By a German Gentleman, 1725

The Triple Crowns : A Narrative History of the Drapers Company, Tom Girtin, Hutchinson, 1964

The Livery Companies of the City of London, W.C. Hazlitt, Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1892

The History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies of London, William Herbert, London, 1833 - Volume 1, 1836 - Volume 2

The Origin and History of the Worshipful Company of Furniture Makers, 2nd Edition, 1974

The History of the Worshipful Company of the Drapers of London, Rev. A.H. Johnson, OUP, 1922

The Worshipful Company of Joiners and Ceilers or Carvers: A Chronological History, Sidney E. Lane, Chesham Press Limited, 1968

Historical Account of the Worshipful Company of Carpenters, Edward Basil Jupp, London, 1887

The Development of London Livery Companies, An Essay and a Bibliography, William F. Kahl, Harvard (Mass), 1960

Records of the Skinners of London : Edward I to James I, Edited by John James Lambert, 1933

A List of the Court of Assistants and Livery of the Worshipful Company of Upholders, 1822

London Life, George, p.385, no. 35 as quoted in "The London Furniture Trade 1700-1870", Pat Kirkham, Furniture History Society, 1988

London’s Guilds and Liveries, John Kennedy Melling, Shire Publications, 1995

Court Minutes of the Worshipful Company of Upholders deposited with the Guildhall Library

The Chronicle of Calais, J.G. Nicols (Ed.), Camden Society, Vol.35, Old Series, 1846

Origins & History, Booklet published privately by the Worshipful Company of Upholders, undated

The Fletchers and Longbowstringmakers of London, James E. Oxley, Worshipful Company of Fletchers, 1968

Patent (ii), Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward III, Vol. VII, 1345-1348, PRO

Patent (iii), Calendar of Patent Rolls, Elizabeth I, Vol. I, 1558-1560, PRO

Calendar of Plea and Memoranda Rolls, Roll A99, City of London Records Office

The Blanket Makers 1669-1969: A History of Charles Early & Marriott (Witney) Ltd, Alfred Plummer & Richard Early, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969

Reasons humbly offered by the Company exercising the trade and mystery of Upholders, against part of the Bill for the better viewing ... and examining drugs, medicines, etc., London 1724

The Art & Mystery of the Upholder: The London Upholstery Trade 1667 to 1721. Royal College of Art & Victoria and Albert Museum MA Course Thesis by K.W. Rogers, 10 May 1994

Stow's Survey of London, John Stow, J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., Everyman's Library 1980, first published 1598

A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster, Robert Seymour, 1735 (quoted in an undated cutting from The Cabinet Maker)

The Guilds of the City of London and their Liverymen, Edited by John Charles Thornley and George W. Hastings, The London & Counties Press Association Ltd., 1911

The Gilds and Companies of London, George Unwin, Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1966

The Journal of the Furniture History Society Vol. IX 1973 Article by Karin M. Walton

London Apprentices, Vol. 19 Upholders’ Company 1704-1772, Cliff Webb, Society of Genealogists, 1998

The Witney Blanket Industry - the Records of the Witney Company of Blanket Weavers, Alfred Plummer, George Routledge & Sons Ltd, 1934

The Worshipful Company of Upholders

Featherbedds and Flock Bedds

The Annexes F to I and Bibliography

The End